Bergamo® III Series Multiphoton Microscopes
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Bergamo® III Series Multiphoton Microscopy Platform
Following the principle that the microscope should conform to the specimen, rather than the other way around, we created a completely modular multiphoton imaging platform that adapts to a wide range of experimental requirements. Our Bergamo III Multiphoton Microscopes enable simultaneous readout and manipulation of neuron populations at higher speed, greater depth, and higher intensity than with traditional research techniques, such as using microelectrodes.
Choose the Microscope that Fits Your Experiment
The modular nature of our Bergamo III Multiphoton Microscopy Platform allows us to modify configurations to meet individual experimental needs or adjust the functionality of a microscope after installation. We have outlined the highlights of Bergamo III modularity below; for detailed information on these features and more, please see the Modules tab. To understand how our Bergamo III microscopes have been used in laboratory settings, please see the Applications and Publications tabs.
Bring the Microscope to Your Sample
Designed to be brought to your sample, our Bergamo III microscopes are available in three body configurations. Our rotating Bergamo III microscope bodies include five axes of motion, providing near-total freedom to study in vivo systems. Our upright bodies feature an industry-leading throat depth and offer either one or three axes of motion control.
- Rotating Bodies
- Up to 90° Rotation Around the Sample or Subject
- 5" of Coarse Vertical Motion
- 2" of Fine XY Motion
- 1" of Fine Z Motion
- X, Y, and Z Rotate with Objective
- Upright Bodies
- 2" of Fine XY Motion (XYZ Configuration Only)
- 1" of Fine Z Motion
- Industry Leading 7.74" Throat Depth
- Further Fine Z-Focus Options
- High-Speed Piezo Objective Scanner
- Liquid Crystal Remote Focus for Fast, Vibration-Free Imaging
Image in Multiple Modalities with One System
Up to two laser scanning pathways and numerous auxiliary imaging modules can be incorporated into Bergamo III microscopes, offering users the flexibility to switch between multiple imaging modalities with just one system. The modular design also means that your microscope can be reconfigured and upgraded as your experimental requirements evolve.
- Single- or Dual-Scan Paths
- Co-Registered Confocal Imaging
- Simultaneous Multiphoton Imaging and Spatial Light Modulation
- Transmitted Light Imaging
- Dodt Gradient Contrast (Widefield and Laser Scanned)
- DIC (Widefield and Laser Scanned)
- Visible and NIR LEDs
- Bessel Beam Imaging
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This Bergamo III microscope has been configured for both multiphoton and transmitted light imaging. The WFA1000 transmitted light module can be quickly removed to make room for multiphoton imaging of live specimens.
Collect Data with Higher Speed
We offer 8 kHz and 12 kHz Galvo-Resonant (GR) and Resonant-Galvo-Galvo (RGG) scanners with our Bergamo III microscopes, allowing for high-speed image acquisition. For simultaneous high-speed imaging and photomanipulation/photoactivation of the sample, a Galvo-Galvo (GG) Scanner or spatial light modulator (SLM) can be set up as a secondary pathway.
- 8 kHz and 12 kHz GR and RGG Scanners for
High-Speed Imaging - GG Scanners for User-Defined ROI Shapes and Photostimulation Patterns
- SLM for Simultaneous Multi-Point Targeting
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The primary scan path of this Bergamo III microscope features a Galvo-Resonant scanner for high-speed image acquisition. A Galvo-Galvo scanner has been installed on a secondary pathway allowing for simultaneous, area-specific photoactivation.
See More of Your Sample
Bergamo III microscopes can be configured with a Field Number (FN) of 40, allowing users to image multiple regions of interest (ROI) within a single field of view (FOV). Large FOV configurations also offer the option for a secondary scan path for manipulation of a smaller portion of the field.
- Image Size with FN40 and 8 kHz Scanner at 1X Zoom:
- 2.82 mm x 2.82 mm FOV with a 10X Objective
- 1.88 mm x 1.88 mm FOV with a 15X Objective
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The image above was taken with a Bergamo III microscope configured with an FN of 40 and equipped with a Thorlabs
TL10X-2P Objective. The outer box represents the FN40 FOV of 2.82 mm x 2.82 mm.
Higher Sensitivity Detection to Protect Your Sample
To maximize detection efficiency, we utilize high-sensitivity GaAsP PMTs in a non-descanned geometry in our Bergamo III microscopes. This allows the users to detect faint signals from deep samples and/or work at a reduced laser power, protecting their sample from photodamage.
- Up to Four Simultaneous Detection Channels
- Non-Descanned Geometry
- High-Sensitivity GaAsP PMTs
- Cooled PMTs for Weak Signals
- Non-Cooled PMTs for Larger Collection Angles
- Multialkali PMTs Also Available
- Free-Space Photodetectors for Other Imaging Modalities
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Because emitted signal can be scattered by thick tissue as it exits the specimen, we designed our detection modules with wide collection angles. With full collection angles of 8°, 10°, or 14° (for a Ø20 mm entrance pupil), our proprietary detection modules enable deep physiological imaging.
Image Deeper with Super-Broadband Scan Optics
The excitation wavelength ranges supported by Bergamo III microscopes accommodate the most recent lasers, fluorophores, and techniques. Our scan optics can be optimized for wavelengths up to 1800 nm, allowing users to see deeper into their sample utilizing three-photon imaging techniques.
- Super-Broadband Scan Optics Optimized for:
- Photoactivation / Uncaging
- Two-Photon Imaging
- Three-Photon Imaging
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Our Super-Broadband Scan Optics Cover Wavelengths for Photoactivation, 2P, and 3P Imaging
Ultra-Stable Multiphoton Platform
All of our Bergamo III microscope bodies can be configured with a fiber-coupled 2P laser on one or both of their scan paths. Fiber-couples eliminate the need for complicated alignment procedures and provide a more stable imaging configuration compared to free-space lasers.
- Alignment-Free Imaging
- Highly-Stable Imaging Configuration
- Minimized Microscope Footprint Provides Extra Space for Sample or Subject
- Allows Quick and Easy Reconfiguration of Microscope
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This Bergamo Microscope Features Dual Fiber-Coupled Scan Paths
Bergamo® III Modules
Thorlabs' Bergamo III microscopes are modular systems that can be customized in the design process to meet the exact needs of the experiment.
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The primary scan path of this Bergamo III microscope features a Galvo-Resonant scanner for high-speed image acquisition. A Galvo-Galvo scanner has been installed on a secondary pathway allowing for simultaneous, area-specific photoactivation.
Galvo-Resonant Scanners, Galvo-Galvo Scanners, and Spatial Light Modulators
Bergamo III microscopes can be configured with one or two co-registered scan paths to propagate, condition, and direct an input laser beam. Each path can utilize a resonant-galvo-galvo scanner, galvo-resonant scanner, galvo-galvo scanner, and/or a spatial light modulator (SLM). These choices allow the user to optimize each experiment as needed for high frame rates, high sensitivity, and/or targeted exposure of the regions of interest.
Resonant-Galvo-Galvo Scanners for Multimodal Scanning
Thorlabs offers 8 kHz and 12 kHz resonant-galvo-galvo (RGG) scanners. The design of our RGG scanners is registered under US Patent 10,722,977. This multimodal scanner provides features of both the galvo-resonant and galvo-galvo scanners in a single scan head. Our 8 kHz scanners utilize the entire field of view and offer a maximum frame rate of 400 fps, while our 12 kHz scanners provide an increased frame rate of 600 fps.
Galvo-Resonant Scanners for High-Speed Imaging
Thorlabs offers 8 kHz and 12 kHz galvo-resonant scanners. Our 8 kHz scanners utilize the entire field of view and offer a maximum frame rate of 400 fps, while our 12 kHz scanners provide an increased frame rate of 600 fps.
Galvo-Galvo Scanners for User-Defined ROI Shapes
Galvo-galvo scanners support user-drawn scan geometries (lines, polylines, squares, and rectangles) and also support custom photoactivation patterns (circles, ellipses, polygons, and points). They offer consistent pixel dwell times for better signal integration and image uniformity.
Spatial Light Modulators for Simultaneous Targeting
Unlike scanners, which physically move from point to point, spatial light modulators (SLMs) use holography to diffract the beam and shape it in a user-defined pattern. This includes general beam shaping as well as the creation of multiple focal points at the FOV; the latter allows multiple sites in a sample to be photoexcited simultaneously. To learn more about Spatial Light Modulation, please see our Highlights tab.
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Upright Bergamo III Microscope Equipped with a PFM450E Piezo Objective Scanner for Fine Z-Positioning of a Thorlabs TL15X-2P Objective
Fast Z-Focus Options for Volume Imaging
We offer two options for fast Z-focus control in our Bergamo III microscopes: a remote focus system based on liquid crystal technology, or a Thorlabs PFM450E high-speed piezo objective scanner.
Remote Liquid Crystal Focus
Our remote focus system uses liquid crystal lenses to switch between 16 discrete focal planes quickly and without introducing vibrations that could disturb the focus or the specimen. Total Z-travel range is objective dependent:
Piezo Objective Scanner
The piezo objective scanner offers access to a 450 µm Z-travel range with 3 nm closed-loop resolution and a 25 ms typical settling time for discrete steps as large as 100 µm. It is ideal for precisely setting the focal position of the microscope as well as high-speed, high-resolution Z scanning.
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Close-Up of a Gaussian Beam
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Close-Up of a Bessel Beam
Volumetric Imaging Technique Using Bessel Beams
Thorlabs offer an ultra-fast imaging technique that uses a Bessel beam to provide video-rate volumetric functional imaging of neuronal pathways and interactions in vivo. These unique beams are non-diffractive and self-healing, which allows them to maintain a tight focus and even reform as they pass through tissue. This technique is offered for Thorlabs' Bergamo III multiphoton microscopes and Thorlabs' Multiphoton Mesoscope.
The images to the right depict a Bessel beam and a Gaussian beam, respectively. As you can see in the images, the Gaussian beam has a singular point of focus that progressively becomes weaker as it diverges from the central point, whereas the Bessel beam has a beam annulus that maintains its focus.
To learn more about this technique, please see our Highlights tab.
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Upright Bergamo III systems are equipped with periscopes that permit the microscope's full travel range in X, Y, and Z to be used without compromising the optical performance.
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This Bergamo III Microscope has been configured with two fiber-coupled scan paths offering a compact footprint for in vivo applications.
Periscopes and Fiber Couples
Most lasers used in multiphoton microscopy are delivered by a free-space beam. The Bergamo III's ability to translate the objective around the focal plane in up to four axes (X, Y, Z, and θ) also requires the beam path to translate along the same axes while maintaining alignment. Bergamo III systems overcome this engineering challenge using multi-jointed periscopes. Periscopes are configurable on both Bergamo upright and rotation bodies and accommodate all excitation wavelengths.
We also offer fiber-coupled Bergamo III configurations on one or both of their scan paths. Fiber-coupled lasers eliminate the need for complicated alignment procedures associated with free-space lasers, provide an ultra-stable imaging configuration, and take up less space compared to pericopes. Fiber couples offered with Bergamo III microscopes are designed for use with 2P lasers and are compatible with all microscope body configurations.
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Emission filters and dichroic cubes are held behind magnetically sealed doors on the front of the PMT detection module.
Super-Broadband Scan Optics
Bergamo III microscopes feature proprietary scan optics that are optimized and corrected for excitation wavelengths within the 450 - 1100 nm, 680 - 1300 nm, or 800 - 1800 nm wavelength range, ideal for photostimulation, two-photon imaging, and three-photon imaging, respectively. These broad ranges, extending from the visible well into the near infrared, were chosen to support the latest OPO systems, as well as dual-output lasers.
Large-Angle Signal Collection Optics
Deriving the most signal from limited photons is the fundamental goal of any detection system. By positioning the PMTs immediately after the objective (a "non-descanned" geometry), light that is scattered by the sample, which therefore appears to originate outside the objective's field of view, still strikes the PMTs and adds to the collected signal. This is a benefit unique to multiphoton microscopy. Collecting beyond the objective's design field of view greatly enhances overall detection efficiency when imaging deep in tissue.
In the epi direction, we offer signal collection angles of 8°, 10°, or 14°, while in the transmitted direction, we offer a signal collection angle of 13° (angles quoted for an objective with a Ø20 mm entrance pupil). Our collection modules can optionally be outfitted with mechanical shutters for photoactivation experiments.
Easy-to-Reach Emission Filters and Dichroic Holders
Bergamo III systems are fully compatible with industry-standard fluorescence filter sets that include Ø25 mm fluorescence filters and 25 mm x 36 mm dichroic mirrors. Unlike competing designs, Thorlabs' detector modules have magnetic holders that make it simple and quick to exchange filters for different measurements. We also offer detection modules for large-area Ø32 mm fluorescence filters and 32 mm x 44 mm dichroics, which support greater collection angles for increased signal.
Detectors in Epi and Transmitted Directions
We employ high-sensitivity GaAsP PMTs in our multiphoton systems, which offer high quantum efficiency, aiding in imaging weakly fluorescent or highly photosensitive samples. Our PMTs can either be thermoelectrically cooled for improved sensitivity toward weak signals or non-cooled for a smaller package size and greater numerical aperture. Multialkali PMTs are also available.
All Bergamo III microscopes can be equipped with either two or four detection channels in the epi direction, and/or two detection channels in the forward direction. The user can configure the forward-direction channels to detect the same fluorescent tags as the epi-direction PMTs, raising the microscope's sensitivity toward thin, weakly fluorescent specimens.
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Bergamo III XYZ Rotation Body Controller
Multi-Axis Controller with Touchscreen
This controller is specifically designed for rotating Bergamo III microscope bodies. It uses knobs to control up to five motorized axes. On rotating systems, a rocker switch changes between fine objective focusing and translation of the elevator base. Each axis can be disabled on an individual basis in order to maintain a location along the desired direction.
The integrated touchscreen lets two spatial locations be saved and retrieved locally. Up to eight spatial locations can be saved on the computer running ThorImage®LS. The touchscreen also reads out the position of every motor.
Objectives
Bergamo III microscopes accept infinity-corrected objectives with M34 x 1.0, M32 x 0.75, M25 x 0.75, or RMS threads. Together, these options encompass the majority of low-magnification, high-NA objectives used in multiphoton microscopy. With a large field number up to 40, our scan optics completely utilize the optical designs of these specialized objectives, offering enhanced light-gathering ability compared to competing microscopes using the same objectives.
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Thorlabs' Manual Rigid Stands
Rigid Stand Sample Holders
Thorlabs' Rigid Stands are rotatable, lockable, low-profile platforms for mounting slides, recording chambers, our Z-axis piezo stages, and custom experimental apparatuses. Each fixture is supported by a solid Ø1.5" stainless steel post for passive vibrational damping, which is in turn held to the workstation by the red post holder.
A locking collar maintains the height of the platform, allowing it to easily rotate into and out of the optical path, and a quick-release mechanism holds the post in place once the desired position is achieved.
For a motorized option, we offer our MPM250 motorized vertical rigid stand, offering precise height adjustment with a 1" travel range.
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A Zelux sCMOS Camera and a Quantulux sCMOS Camera
Scientific Cameras
Our low-noise sCMOS and CMOS cameras were designed for full compatibility with Thorlabs’ multiphoton microscopy systems. Useful for widefield and fluorescence microscopy, they are capable of visualizing in vitro and in vivo samples using reflected light and fluorescence emission. They work in conjunction with the epi-fluorescence module to help locate fiducial markers, and they also enable imaging modalities that do not require laser exposure.
Thorlabs' cameras are driven by our internally developed ThorCam software package. The sCMOS camera is available with a 2.1 MP sensor, and our CMOS cameras are available with either a 1.3 MP, 2.3 MP, 5 MP, 8.9 MP, or 12.3 MP sensor. Generally speaking, cameras with lower resolution offer higher maximum frame rates. These cameras also feature a separate auxiliary port that permits the image acquisition to be driven by an external electrical trigger signal.
Bergamo III microscopes are also directly compatible with any camera using industry-standard C-mount or CS-mount threads.
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Trans-Illumination Module, Motorized Condenser Stage, and
Rigid Stand Sample Holder Underneath the Objective
User-Installable Dodt Contrast and DIC Imaging Modules
The modular construction of the Bergamo III makes it exceptionally easy for the user to convert the microscope between in vitro and in vivo applications. Our user-installable trans-illumination modules for Dodt contrast, laser-scanned Dodt contrast, and differential interference contrast (DIC) take less than 5 minutes to attach or remove from the microscope body. These modules are available for both rotating and upright bodies.
Each option is paired with our basic 3-axis controller, which optimizes the illumination conditions by translating our motorized condenser stage over a 1" range. This versatile design is compatible with air and high-NA oil immersion condensers designed by Nikon.
To complement these modules, we manufacture slim-profile rigid stand sample holders that are ideal for positioning slides between the transmitted light module and the objective.
Thorlabs recognizes that each imaging application has unique requirements.
If you have any feedback, questions, or need a quotation, please use our
multiphoton microscopy contact form or call (703) 651-1700.
Highlights
- Rapid Volumetric Imaging Using Bessel Beams
- Three-Photon Imaging
- Spatial Light Modulator for Simultaneous Multi-Site Activation
Rapid Volumetric Imaging Using Bessel Beams
In partnership with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Prof. Na Ji (University of California at Berkeley), Thorlabs offers a Bessel beam module for our Bergamo® multiphoton laser scanning microscope. In vivo volume imaging of neuronal activity requires both submicron spatial resolution and millisecond temporal resolution. While conventional methods create 3D images by serially scanning a diffraction-limited Gaussian beam, Bessel-beam-based multiphoton imaging relies on an axially elongated focus to capture volumetric images. The excitation beam’s extended depth of field creates a 2D projection of a 3D volume, effectively converting the 2D frame rate into a 3D volumetric rate.
As demonstrated in Ji’s pioneering work, this rapid Bessel beam-based imaging technique has synaptic resolution, capturing Ca2+ dynamics and tuning properties of dendritic spines in mouse and ferret visual cortices. The power of this Bessel-beam-based multiphoton imaging technique is illustrated in the images below, which compare a 300 µm x 300 μm scan of a Thy1-GFP-M mouse brain slice imaged with Bessel (left) and Gaussian (right) scanning. 45 optical slices taken with a Gaussian focus are vertically stacked to generate a volume image, while the same structural features are visible in a single Bessel scan taken with a 45 μm-long focus. This indicates a substantial gain in volume-imaging speed, making this technique suitable for investigating sparsely labeled samples in vivo.
If you are interested in upgrading your Bergamo microscope to include the Bessel beam imaging modality, please fill out our multiphoton microscope contact form or call (703) 651-1700.
Source: Lu R, Sun W, Liang Y, Kerlin A, Bierfeld J, Seelig JD, Wilson DE, Scholl B, Mohar B, Tanimoto M, Koyama M, Fitzpatrick D, Orger MB, and Ji N. "Video-rate volumetric functional imaging of the brain at synaptic resolution." Nature Neuroscience. 2017 Feb 27; 20: 620-628.
A single Bessel scan (left) captures the same structural information obtained from a Gaussian volume scan created by stacking 45 optical sections (right), reducing the total scan time by a factor of 45. The images show a brain slice scanned over a 300 μm x 300 μm area. Scan depth for the Gaussian stack is indicated by the scale bar. Sample Courtesy of Qinrong Zhang, PhD and Matthew Jacobs; the Ji Lab, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley.
Three-Photon Imaging
For our Bergamo multiphoton microscope, we have developed scan path optics for the 800 - 1800 nm range to open the door to three-photon techniques. Three-photon excitation is ideal for deep tissue imaging and requires a high-pulse-energy excitation source, typically around 1300 nm or 1700 nm. Compared to two-photon imaging, three-photon imaging offers less tissue scattering and reduced out-of-focus background, which results in an improved signal-to-background ratio.
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A Thy1-YFP male mouse, 21 weeks old, imaged at 1300 nm, 326 kHz repetition rate, pulse width ~60 fs. At the top of the cortex (0 µm, 1.1 mW laser power), the window was centered at 2.5 mm lateral and 2 mm posterior from the Bregma point over somatosensory cortex. Courtesy of the Chris Xu Group, Cornell University.
Configurations capable of three-photon imaging, such as the one shown below, can include a dichroic mirror to support simultaneous two-photon and three-photon imaging, as well as electronics to support low-repetition-rate lasers with high bandwidth sampling. ThorImage®LS software has been enhanced with important features for three-photon detection. For instance, users can synchronize the three-photon signal detection to the excitation pulses and control the phase delay for peak signal-to-noise ratio. For more details, please see the ThorImageLS tab.
If you are interested in upgrading your Bergamo microscope to include the three-photon imaging modality, please fill out our multiphoton microscope contact form or call (703) 651-1700.
Source: Wang T and Xu C. "Three-photon neuronal imaging in deep mouse brain." Optica. 2020; 7 (8): 947-960.
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Two- and Three-Photon Imaging Configuration
Spatial Light Modulator for Simultaneous Multi-Site Activation
Thorlabs’ Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) uses holography patterns to enable photoactivation of multiple locations in a specimen simultaneously. Designed for two-photon excitation with femtosecond pulses, the SLM manipulates the phase across the stimulation laser beam profile to generate hundreds of user-determined focal points.
The diagrams below illustrate the benefits of using the SLM with two-photon activation over two-photon activation alone and single-photon activation. With single-photon activation, unintended nearby cells as well as the target cell become activated because this technique lacks the ability to target a single cell. This problem can be solved with two-photon activation, which allows single-cell resolution targeting; however, only one cell can be targeted at a time. Two-photon activation with SLM overcomes these limitations by generating a number of focal points and allowing multiple target cells to be activated simultaneously. Each beam can be shaped to improve the efficacy of photoactivation, a crucial feature for activating neural populations at varying depths within a single FOV. The SLM phase mask pattern can be rapidly switched, enabling multiple individual focal points to be targeted independently in any sequence. The calibration process, hologram generation, and external hardware synchronization are entirely managed through the ThorImage®LS software, enabling seamless control. For more details, please see the ThorImageLS tab.
If you are interested in upgrading your Bergamo microscope to include the SLM imaging modality, please fill out our multiphoton microscope contact form or call (703) 651-1700.
Two-Photon Activation + Spatial Light Modulator
- Generate Multiple Focal Points
- Simultaneously Activate Multiple Target Cells
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Single-Photon Activation
- Lack of Depth Control for 3D Neural Activation
- Activate Target Cell and Unintended Nearby Cells
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Two-photon activation with SLM (right) allows simultaneous excitation of multiple target cells, which is not possible with single-photon (left) or two-photon (middle) activation.
Thorlabs' Bergamo® III Series Multiphoton Microscopy Platform is a powerful tool adapted to meet experimental needs across a wide range of research fields. Click on the images below to explore how a Bergamo can and has been utilized for each application.
Images Taken Using Bergamo® Systems
Selected Publications Using Thorlabs' Imaging Systems
2024
Sheahan, T. D., Warwick, C. A., Cui, A. Y., Baranger, D. A., Perry, V. J., Smith, K. M., ... & Ross, S. E. (2024). Kappa opioids inhibit spinal output neurons to suppress itch. Science Advances, 10(39), eadp6038.
Lemeshko, P., Korepanov, O., Podkovyrina, E., Spivak, Y., Moshnikov, V., & Kozodaev, D. (2024). Porous silicon photoluminescence enhancement by silver dendrites registered with multiphoton microscopy. Optics & Laser Technology, 181, 111825.
Farrants, H., Shuai, Y., Lemon, W. C., Monroy Hernandez, C., Zhang, D., Yang, S., ... & Schreiter, E. R. (2024). A modular chemigenetic calcium indicator for multiplexed in vivo functional imaging. Nature Methods, 1-10.
Bowen, Z., De Zoysa, D., Shilling-Scrivo, K., Aghayee, S., Di Salvo, G., Smirnov, A., ... & Losert, W. (2024). NeuroART: Real-time analysis and targeting of neuronal population activity during calcium imaging for informed closed loop experiments. eNeuro.
Ou, Z., Duh, Y. S., Rommelfanger, N. J., Keck, C. H., Jiang, S., Brinson Jr, K., ... & Hong, G. (2024). Achieving optical transparency in live animals with absorbing molecules. Science, 385(6713), eadm6869.
Kopyeva, I., Goldner, E. C., Hoye, J. W., Yang, S., Regier, M. C., Bradford, J. C., ... & DeForest, C. A. (2024). Stepwise Stiffening/Softening of and Cell Recovery from Reversibly Formulated Hydrogel Interpenetrating Networks. Advanced Materials, 2404880.
Ferron, L., Harding, E. K., Gandini, M. A., Brideau, C., Stys, P. K., & Zamponi, G. W. (2024). Functional remodeling of presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels in superficial layers of the dorsal horn during neuropathic pain. Iscience, 27(6).
Carlton, A. J., Jeng, J. Y., Grandi, F. C., De Faveri, F., Amariutei, A. E., De Tomasi, L., ... & Marcotti, W. (2024). BAI1 localizes AMPA receptors at the cochlear afferent post-synaptic density and is essential for hearing. Cell reports, 43(4).
Westeinde, E. A., Kellogg, E., Dawson, P. M., Lu, J., Hamburg, L., Midler, B., ... & Wilson, R. I. (2024). Transforming a head direction signal into a goal-oriented steering command. Nature, 626(8000), 819-826.
Batalov, I., Filteau, J. R., Francis, R. M., Jaindl, G., Orr, L., Rapp, T. L., ... & DeForest, C. A. (2024). Grayscale 4D Biomaterial Customization at High Resolution and Scale. bioRxiv, 2024-01.
Brockett, A. T., & Francis, N. A. (2024). Psilocybin biphasically modulates cortical and behavioral activity in mice. bioRxiv, 2024-01.
Goldberg, A. R., Dovas, A., Torres, D., Sharma, S. D., Mela, A., Merricks, E. M., ... & Canoll, P. (2024). Glioma-Induced Alterations in Excitatory Neurons are Reversed by mTOR Inhibition. bioRxiv.
Bowen, Z., Shilling-Scrivo, K., Losert, W., & Kanold, P. O. (2024). Fractured columnar small-world functional network organization in volumes of L2/3 of mouse auditory cortex. PNAS nexus, 3(2), pgae074.
Znamenskiy, P., Kim, M. H., Muir, D. R., Iacaruso, M. F., Hofer, S. B., & Mrsic-Flogel, T. D. (2024). Functional specificity of recurrent inhibition in visual cortex. Neuron, 112(6), 991-1000.
Ribeiro, T. L., Jendrichovsky, P., Yu, S., Martin, D. A., Kanold, P. O., Chialvo, D. R., & Plenz, D. (2024). Trial-by-trial variability in cortical responses exhibits scaling of spatial correlations predicted from critical dynamics. Cell reports, 43(2).
2023
Lu, T. Y., Hanumaihgari, P., Hsu, E. T., Agarwal, A., Kawaguchi, R., Calabresi, P. A., & Bergles, D. E. (2023). Norepinephrine modulates calcium dynamics in cortical oligodendrocyte precursor cells promoting proliferation during arousal in mice. Nature Neuroscience, 26(10), 1739-1750.
Das, A., Holden, S., Borovicka, J., Icardi, J., O’Niel, A., Chaklai, A., ... & Dana, H. (2023). Large-scale recording of neuronal activity in freely-moving mice at cellular resolution. Nature Communications, 14(1), 6399.
O’Toole, S. M., Oyibo, H. K., & Keller, G. B. (2023). Molecularly targetable cell types in mouse visual cortex have distinguishable prediction error responses. Neuron, 111(18), 2918-2928.
Wool, L., Lak, A., Carandini, M., & Harris, K. (2023). Mouse frontal cortex nonlinearly encodes stimuli, choices, and outcomes. Wellcome Open Research, 8(451), 451.
Sela, M., Poley, M., Mora-Raimundo, P., Kagan, S., Avital, A., Kaduri, M., ... & Schroeder, A. (2023). Brain-targeted liposomes loaded with monoclonal antibodies reduce alpha-synuclein aggregation and improve behavioral symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Advanced Materials, 35(51), 2304654.
Hussain, R., Tithof, J., Wang, W., Cheetham-West, A., Song, W., Peng, W., ... & Nedergaard, M. (2023). Potentiating glymphatic drainage minimizes post-traumatic cerebral oedema. Nature, 623(7989), 992-1000.
Barth-Maron, A., D’Alessandro, I., & Wilson, R. I. (2023). Interactions between specialized gain control mechanisms in olfactory processing. Current Biology, 33(23), 5109-5120.
Chang, H., Esteves, I. M., Neumann, A. R., Mohajerani, M. H., & McNaughton, B. L. (2023). Cortical reactivation of spatial and non-spatial features coordinates with hippocampus to form a memory dialogue. Nature communications, 14(1), 7748.
Ciabatti, E., González-Rueda, A., de Malmazet, D., Lee, H., Morgese, F., & Tripodi, M. (2023). Genomic stability of self-inactivating rabies. eLife, 12, e83459.
Fiore, F., Alhalaseh, K., Dereddi, R. R., Bodaleo Torres, F., Çoban, I., Harb, A., & Agarwal, A. (2023). Norepinephrine regulates calcium signals and fate of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the mouse cerebral cortex. Nature Communications, 14(1), 8122.
Tsuji, M., Nishizuka, Y. & Emoto, K. (2023). Threat gates visual aversion via theta activity in Tachykinergic neurons. Nature Communications, 14(1), 3987.
Villanueva, C. B., Stephensen, H. J. T., Mokso, R., Benraiss, A., Sporring, J., Goldman, S.A. (2023). Astrocytic engagement of the corticostriatal synaptic cleft is disrupted in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(24), e2210719120.
Holstein-Rønsbo, S., Gan, Y., Giannetto, M.J. et al. (2023). Glymphatic influx and clearance are accelerated by neurovascular coupling. Nature Neuroscience, 26, 1042–1053.
Serradj, N., Marino, F., Moreno-López, Y. et al. (2023). Task-specific modulation of corticospinal neuron activity during motor learning in mice. Nature Communications, 14(1), 2708.
Inayat, S., McAllister, B. B., Whishaw, I. Q., & Mohajerani, M. H. (2023). Hippocampal conjunctive and complementary CA1 populations relate sensory events to movement. Iscience, 26(4), 106481.
Untiet, V., Beinlich, F. R., Kusk, P., Kang, N., Ladrón-de-Guevara, A., Song, W., ... & Nedergaard, M. (2023). Astrocytic chloride is brain state dependent and modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in mice. Nature Communications, 14(1), 1871.
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2022
Graham, R. T., Parrish, R. R., Alberio, L., Johnson, E. L., Owens, L., & Trevelyan, A. J. (2022). Optogenetic stimulation reveals a latent tipping point in cortical networks during ictogenesis. Brain, awac487.
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2021
Maset, A., Albanesi, M., di Soccio, A., Canova, M., Dal Maschio, M., & Lodovichi, C. (2021). Aberrant Patterns of Sensory-Evoked Activity in the Olfactory Bulb of LRRK2 Knockout Mice. Cells, 10(11), 3212.
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Carlsen, E. M. M., Falk, S., Skupio, U., Robin, L., Pagano Zottola, A. C., Marsicano, G., & Perrier, J. F. (2021). Spinal astroglial cannabinoid receptors control pathological tremor. Nature Neuroscience, 24(5), 658-666.
Moussa, N. O., Mansuryan, T., Hage, C. H., Fabert, M., Krupa, K., Tonello, A., ... & Couderc, V. (2021). Spatiotemporal beam self-cleaning for high-resolution nonlinear fluorescence imaging with multimode fiber. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 18240.
Eleftheriou, C. G., Corona, C., Khattak, S., Alam, N. M., Ivanova, E., Bianchimano, P., ... & Sagdullaev, B. T. (2021). Retinoschisin deficiency induces persistent aberrant waves of activity affecting neuroglial signaling in the retina. Journal of Neuroscience, 42(36), 6983-7000.
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Bruzzone, M., Chiarello, E., Albanesi, M., Miletto Petrazzini, M. E., Megighian, A., Lodovichi, C., & Dal Maschio, M. (2021). Whole brain functional recordings at cellular resolution in zebrafish larvae with 3D scanning multiphoton microscopy. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 11048.
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2020
Keller, A. J., Dipoppa, M., Roth, M. M., Caudill, M. S., Ingrosso, A., Miller, K. D., & Scanziani, M. (2020). A disinhibitory circuit for contextual modulation in primary visual cortex. Neuron, 108(6), 1181-1193.
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Scholl, B., Thomas, C. I., Ryan, M. A., Kamasawa, N., & Fitzpatrick, D. (2020). Cortical response selectivity derives from strength in numbers of synapses. Nature, 590(7844), 111-114.
Robinson, N. T., Descamps, L. A., Russell, L. E., Buchholz, M. O., Bicknell, B. A., Antonov, G. K., ... & Häusser, M. (2020). Targeted activation of hippocampal place cells drives memory-guided spatial behavior. Cell, 183(6), 1586-1599.
Fan, J. L., Rivera, J. A., Sun, W., Peterson, J., Haeberle, H., Rubin, S., & Ji, N. (2020). High-speed volumetric two-photon fluorescence imaging of neurovascular dynamics. Nature Communications, 11(1), 6020.
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Mazzarda, F., D'Elia, A., Massari, R., De Ninno, A., Bertani, F. R., Businaro, L., ... & Mammano, F. (2020). Organ-on-chip model shows that ATP release through connexin hemichannels drives spontaneous Ca 2+ signaling in non-sensory cells of the greater epithelial ridge in the developing cochlea. Lab on a Chip, 20(16), 3011-3023.
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Feng, K., Sen, R., Minegishi, R., Dübbert, M., Bockemühl, T., Büschges, A., & Dickson, B. J. (2020). Distributed control of motor circuits for backward walking in Drosophila. Nature Communications, 11(1), 6166.
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Shiozaki, H. M., Ohta, K., & Kazama, H. (2020). A multi-regional network encoding heading and steering maneuvers in Drosophila. Neuron, 106(1), 126-141.
Mestre, H., Du, T., Sweeney, A. M., Liu, G., Samson, A. J., Peng, W., ... & Nedergaard, M. (2020). Cerebrospinal fluid influx drives acute ischemic tissue swelling. Science, 367(6483), eaax7171.
Jeng, J. Y., Ceriani, F., Hendry, A., Johnson, S. L., Yen, P., Simmons, D. D., ... & Marcotti, W. (2020). Hair cell maturation is differentially regulated along the tonotopic axis of the mammalian cochlea. The Journal of Physiology, 598(1), 151-170.
Kovacs-Oller, T., Ivanova, E., Bianchimano, P., & Sagdullaev, B. T. (2020). The pericyte connectome: spatial precision of neurovascular coupling is driven by selective connectivity maps of pericytes and endothelial cells and is disrupted in diabetes. Cell Discovery, 6(1), 39.
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2019
Romero, S., Hight, A. E., Clayton, K. K., Resnik, J., Williamson, R. S., Hancock, K. E., & Polley, D. B. (2019). Cellular and widefield imaging of sound frequency organization in primary and higher order fields of the mouse auditory cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 30(3), 1603-1622.
Nardin, C., Peres, C., Mazzarda, F., Ziraldo, G., Salvatore, A. M., & Mammano, F. (2019). Photosensitizer activation drives apoptosis by interorganellar Ca2+ transfer and superoxide production in bystander cancer cells. Cells, 8(10), 1175.
Scholl, B., Wilson, D. E., Jaepel, J., & Fitzpatrick, D. (2019). Functional logic of layer 2/3 inhibitory connectivity in the ferret visual cortex. Neuron, 104(3), 451-457.
Ceriani, F., Johnson, S. L., Sedlacek, M., Hendry, A., Kachar, B., Marcotti, W., & Mammano, F. (2019). Dynamic coupling of cochlear inner hair cell intrinsic Ca2+ action potentials to Ca2+ signaling of non-sensory cells. bioRxiv, 731851.
Brawek, B and Garaschuk O. (2019). Single-cell electroporation for measuring in vivo calcium dynamics in microglia. Microglia Methods and Protocols, 231-241.
Brawek, B., Olmedillas del Moral, M., & Garaschuk, O. (2019). In vivo visualization of microglia using tomato lectin. Microglia Methods and Protocols, 165-175.
Liang, Y. & Garaschuk O. (2019). Labeling microglia with genetically encoded calcium indicators. Microglia Methods and Protocols, 243–265.
Royzen, F., Williams, S., Fernandez, F. R., & White, J. A. (2019). Balanced synaptic currents underlie low-frequency oscillations in the subiculum. Hippocampus, 29(12), 1178-1189.
Rathore, A. P. S., Mantri, C. K., Aman, S. A. B., Syenina, A., Ooi, J., Jagaraj, C. J., ... & St. John, A. L. (2019). Dengue virus-elicited tryptase induces endothelial permeability and shock. Journal of Clinical Investiagtion, 129(10), 4180-4193.
Stringer, C., Pachitariu, M., Steinmetz, N., Carandini, M., & Harris, K. D. (2019). High-dimensional geometry of population responses in visual cortex. Nature, 571(7765), 361–365.
Ziraldo, G., Buratto, D., Kuang, Y., Xu, L., Carrer, A., Nardin, C., ... & Mammano, F. (2019). A human-derived monoclonal antibody targeting extracellular connexin domain selectively modulates hemichannel function. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 392.
Díaz-García, C. M., Lahmann, C., Martínez-François, J. R., Li, B., Koveal, D., Nathwani N., ... & Yellen, G. (2019). Quantitative in vivo imaging of neuronal glucose concentrations with a genetically encoded fluorescence lifetime sensor. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 97(8), 946–960.
Philip, V., Newton, D., Oh, H., Collins, S., Bercik, P., & Sibille, E. (2019). The Effect of Gut Microbiota on Glutamatergic/GABAergic Gene Expression in Adult Mice. Biological Psychiatry, 85, S127–S128.
Bowen, Z., Winkowski, D. E., Seshadri, S., Plenz, D., & Kanold, P. O. (2019). Neuronal avalanches in input and associative layers of auditory cortex. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 13, 45.
Burgold, J., Schulz-Trieglaff, E. K., Voelkl, K., Gutiérrez-Ángel, S., Bader, J. M., Hosp, F., ... & Dudanova, I. (2019). Cortical circuit alterations precede motor impairments in Huntington’s disease mice. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 6634.
Matovic, S., Ichiyama, A., Igarashi, H., Salter, E. W., Wang, X. F., Henry, M., ... & Inoue, W. (2019). Stress-induced neuronal hypertrophy decreases the intrinsic excitability in stress habituation. bioRxiv, 593665.
Weissenberger, Y., King, A. J., & Dahmen, J. C. (2019). Decoding mouse behavior to explain single-trial decisions and their relationship with neural activity. bioRxiv, 567479.
Ceriani, F., Hendry, A., Jeng, J. Y., Johnson, S. L., Stephani, F., Olt, J., ... & Marcotti, W. (2019). Coordinated calcium signalling in cochlear sensory and non-sensory cells refines afferent innervation of outer hair cells. The EMBO Journal, 38(9), e99839.
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2018
Marvin, J. S., Scholl, B., Wilson, D. E., Podgorski, K., Kazemipour, A., Müller, J. A., ... & Looger, L. L. (2018). Stability, affinity, and chromatic variants of the glutamate sensor iGluSnFR. Nature Methods, 15(11), 936–939.
Moeyaert, B., Holt, G., Madangopal, R., Perez-Alvarez, A., Fearey, B. C., Trojanowski, N. F., ... & Schreiter, E. R. (2018). Improved methods for marking active neuron populations. Nature Communications, 9(1), 440.
Chen, C. L., Hermans, L., Viswanathan, M. C., Fortun, D., Aymanns, F., Unser, M., ... & Ramdya, P. (2018). Imaging neural activity in the ventral nerve cord of behaving adult Drosophila. Nature Communications, 9(1), 4390.
Corns, L. F., Johnson, S. L., Roberts, T., Ranatunga, K. M., Hendry, A., Ceriani, F., ... & Marcotti, W. (2018). Mechanotransduction is required for establishing and maintaining mature inner hair cells and regulating efferent innervation. Nature Communications, 9(1), 4015.
Saleem, A. B., Diamanti, E. M., Fournier, J., Harris, K. D., & Carandini, M. (2018). Coherent encoding of subjective spatial position in visual cortex and hippocampus. Nature, 562(7725), 124-127.
Dipoppa, M., Ranson, A., Krumin, M., Pachitariu, M., Carandini, M., & Harris, K. D. (2018). Vision and locomotion shape the interactions between neuron types in mouse visual cortex. Neuron, 98(3), 602-615.
Gillet, S. N., Kato, H. K., Justen, M. A., Lai, M., & Isaacson, J. S. (2018). Fear learning regulates cortical sensory representations by suppressing habituation. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 11, 112.
2017
Scholl, B., Wilson, D. E., & Fitzpatrick, D. (2017). Local order within global disorder: synaptic architecture of visual space. Neuron, 96(5), 1127-1138.
Klapoetke, N. C., Nern, A., Peek, M. Y., Rogers, E. M., Breads, P., Rubin, G. M., ... & Card, G. M. (2017). Ultra-selective looming detection from radial motion opponency. Nature Neuroscience, 551(7679), 237-241.
Kato, H. K., Asinof, S. K., & Isaacson, J. S. (2017). Network-level control of frequency tuning in auditory cortex. Neuron, 95(2), 412-423.
Lu, R., Sun, W., Liang, Y., Kerlin, A., Bierfeld, J., Seelig, J.D., W... & Ji, N. (2017). Video-rate volumetric functional imaging of the brain at synaptic resolution. Nature Neuroscience, 20(4), 620-628.
2016
Mongeon, R., Venkatachalam, V., & Yellen, G. (2016). Cytosolic NADH-NAD+ redox visualized in brain slices by two-photon fluorescence lifetime biosensor imaging.. Antioxid Redox Signal, 25(10), 553-563.
Pachitariu, M., Stringer, C., Schröder, S., Dipoppa, M., Rossi, L. F., Carandini, M., & Harris, K. D. (2016). Suite2p: beyond 10,000 neurons with standard two-photon microscopy. bioRxiv, 061507.
Rose, T., Jaepel, J., Hübener, M., & Bonhoeffer, T. (2016). Cell-specific restoration of stimulus preference after monocular deprivation in the visual cortex. Science, 352(6291), 1319–1322.
Strobl, M. J., Freeman, D., Patel, J., Poulsen, R., Wendler, C. C., Rivkees, S. A., & Coleman, J. E. (2016). Opposing effects of maternal hypo-and hyperthyroidism on the stability of thalamocortical synapses in the visual cortex of adult offspring.. Cerebral Cortex, 27(5), 3015-3027.
Lee, K. S., Huang, X., & Fitzpatrick, D. (2016). Topology of ON and OFF inputs in visual cortex enables an invariant columnar architecture. Nature, 533(7601), 90-94.
Monai, H., Ohkura, M., Tanaka, M., Oe, Y., Konno, A., Hirai, H., ... & Hirase, H. (2016). Calcium imaginq reveals glial involvement in transcranial direct current stimulation-induced plasticity in mouse brain. Nature Communications, 7(1), 11100.
Ganmor, E., Krumin, M., Rossi, L. F., Carandini, M., & Simoncelli, E. P. (2016). Direct estimation of firing rates from calcium imaging data. arXiv, 1601.00364.
2015
Roth, M. M., Dahmen, J.C., Muir, D. R., Imhof, F., Martini, F. J., & Hofer, S. B. (2015). Thalamic nuclei convey diverse contextual information to layer 1 of visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 19(2), 299-307.
Barnstedt, O., Keating, P., Weissenberger, Y., King, A. J., & Dahmen, J. C. (2015). Functional microarchitecture of the mouse dorsal inferior colliculus revealed through in vivo two-photon calcium imaging.. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(31), 10927-10939.
Chen, S. X., Kim, A. N., Peters, A. J., & Komiyama, T. (2015). Subtype-specific plasticity of inhibitory circuits in motor cortex during motor learning. Nature Neuroscience, 18(8), 1109-1115.
Jia, Y., Zhang, S., Miao, L., Wang, J., Jin, Z., Gu, B., ... & Li, Z. (2015). Activation of platelet protease-activated receptor-1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemotaxis of colon cancer cell line SW620. Oncology Reports, 33(6), 2681-2688.
Lu, W., Tang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, X., Yao, Y., Fu, C., ... & Ma, G. (2015). Inhibiting the mobilization of Ly6Chigh monocytes after acute myocardial infarction enhances the efficiency of mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation and curbs myocardial remodeling.. American Journal of Translational Research, 7(3), 587-597.
Boyd, A. M., Kato, H. K., Komiyama, T., & Isaacson, J. S. (2015). Broadcasting of cortical activity to the olfactory bulb. Cell Reports, 10(7), 1032-1039.
Cossell, L., Iacaruso, M. F., Muir, D. R., Houlton, R., Sader, E. N., Ko, H., H... & Mrsic-Flogel, T. D. (2015). Functional organization of excitatory synaptic strength in primary visual cortex. Nature, 518(7539), 399-403.
2014
Partridge, J. G., Lewin, A. E., Yasko, J. R., & Vicini, S. (2014). Contrasting actions of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in distinct mouse striatal neurones. Journal of Physiology, 592(13), 2721-2733.
Peters, A. J., Chen, S, X., Komiyama, T. (2014). Emergence of reproducible spatiotemporal activity during motor learning. Nature, 510(7504), 263-267.
Ehmke, T., Nitzsche, T. H., Knebl, A., & Heisterkamp, A. (2014). Molecular orientation sensitive second harmonic microscopy by radially and azimuthally polarized light. Biomedical Optics Express, 5(7), 2231-46.
Liu, J., Wu, N., Ma, L., Liu, M., Liu, G., Zhang, Y., & Lin, X. (2014). Oleanolic acid suppresses aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells by switching pyruvate kinase type M isoforms. PLoS One, 9(3), e91606.
Palmer, L. M., Shai, A. S., Reeve, J.E., Anderson, H. L., Paulsen, O., & Larkum, M. E. (2014). NMDA spikes enhance action potential generation during sensory input. Nature Neuroscience, 17(3), 383-390.
Cai, F., Yu, J., Qian, J., Wang, Y., Chen, Z., Huang, J., ... & He, S. (2014). Use of tunable second-harmonic signal from KNbO3 nanoneedles to find optimal wavelength for deep-tissue imaging. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 8(6), 865-874.
2013
Kato, H. K., Gillet, S. N., Peters, A. J., Isaacson, J. S., & Komiyama, T. (2013). Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons linearly control olfactory bulb output. Neuron, 80(5), 1218-1231.
Takata, N., Nagai, T., Ozawa, K., Oe, Y., Mikoshiba, K., & Hirase, H. (2013). Cerebral blood flow modulation by Basal forebrain or whisker stimulation can occur independently of large cytosolic Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes. PLoS One, 8(6), e66525.
The full source code for ThorImage®LS is available for owners of a Bergamo®, Cerna® Confocal, Veneto®, or confocal microscope. Click here to receive your copy.
ThorImage®LS Software
ThorImageLS is an open-source image acquisition program that controls Thorlabs' microscopes, as well as supplementary external hardware. From prepared-slice multiphoton Z-stacks to simultaneous in vivo photoactivation and imaging, ThorImageLS provides an integrated, modular workspace tailored to the individual needs of the scientist. Its workflow-oriented interface supports single image, Z-stacks, time series, and image streaming acquisition, visualization, and analysis. See the video to the lower right for a real-time view of data acquisition and analysis with ThorImageLS.
ThorImageLS is included with a Thorlabs microscope system purchase and is open source, allowing full customization of software features and performance. ThorImageLS also includes Thorlabs’ customer support and regular software updates to continually meet the imaging demands of the scientific community.
For additional details, see the full web presentation.
Advanced Software Functionality
- Multi-Column Customizable Workspace
- Image Acquisition Synced with Hardware Inputs and Timing Events
- Live Image Correction and ROI Analysis
- Independent Galvo-Galvo and Galvo-Resonant Scan Areas and Geometries
- Tiling for High-Resolution Large-Area Imaging
- Independent Primary and Secondary Z-Axis Control for Fast Deep-Tissue Scans
- Automated Image Capture with Scripts
- Compatible with ImageJ Macros
- Multi-User Settings Saved for Shared Workstations
- Individual Colors for Detection Channels Enable Simple Visual Analysis
Seamless Integration with Experiments
- Simultaneous Multi-Point Photoactivation and Imaging with Spatial Light Modulator
- Fast Z Volume Acquisition with PFM450E or Third-Party Objective Scanners
- Electrophysiology Signaling
- Wavelength Switching with Coherent Chameleon Lasers
- Pockels Cell ROI Masking
- Power Ramped with Depth to Minimize Damage and Maximize Signal-to-Noise
New Functionality: Version 4.3 (Click to Expand for More Details)
Please contact ImagingTechSupport@thorlabs.com to obtain the latest ThorImageLS version compatible with your microscope. Because ThorImageLS 4.x adds significant new features over 3.x, 2.x and 1.x versions, it may not be compatible with older microscopes. We continue to support older software versions for customers with older hardware. See the full web presentation for functionality of previous versions.
- Added Support for the Toptica iChrome CLE-50 Laser
- Added Support for 3P Imaging
- Added Support for the CS126MU, CS165MU, and CC505MU Monochrome Cameras
- Added Support for a Mini-Circuits® Switch Box
- Added Support for PMT3100R (Included in Some Bergamo Multiphoton Imaging Systems)
- Added Configurable Channel View Layout (Horizontal and Vertical)
- Added Improved Scan Path Realignment and Added Ability to Save Multiple Reference Images for Multiple Targets
- Allows for Simplified Relocation to Same Target Day to Day
- Added New Features for SLM Operation
- Added 3D Mode Toggle
- Added Z Offset
- Added Ability to Export Patterns
- Added Set Zero% and Delete All Buttons
- Added Pattern Center to Display as "0" Point
- Added SLM Control Panel Advanced Mode Enhancement
- Added New Optional Delay Between Epochs
- Added SLM Control Panel Import/Export Enhancement
- Ability to Export Table of SLM Patterns
- Added New SLM Settings
- Added to ThorSLMSettings.xml and Application Settings
- Added Ability to Offset the Z Position of Pattern Points in New 3D Mode
- Enhanced ORCA Fusion Features
- Updated Exposure Calculation for Master Pulse Mode
- Added Option to Enable Water Cooling Control
- Added Improved Performance When Switching Modalities
- Enhanced Two-Way Scanning
- Two-Way Scanning is Now Allowed Up to a Pixel Density of 4096 x 4096 When Only One Channel is Selected
- Only Selectable by Dragging the Slider Bar to the Desired Pixel Density in One-Way Before Switching to Two-Way
- Added Camera Frame Rate Control
- Added UI Control of Two Blue Mini-Circuits® Switch Boxes
- Added 3D SLM
- Added Continuous Preview and Enhanced Orthogonal Views for Z-Stacks
- Added Improved Laser Safety Control for Digital Switches When Switches Are Configured for Laser Switching
- Added Control for Stimulus Shutter Operation When Using Stimulus Capture Mode
- Added Camera Frame Rate Control
- Added a New Section to Control the Frame Rate for CMOS Cameras with this Functionality
- Added Image-Based Autofocus
- Added Ability to Find the Optimal Focus Point of the Sample Based on Image Contrast
- Added Automatic Version Update Checker
- When Connected to Internet a Version Update Check Will Occur as the Splash Screen Loads When ThorImageLS Is Started Up
- Added Signal Generator Analog Mode
- Allows Custom Control of Analog Modulation
- Added New Continuous Button for Repeated Preview
- Allows for Fast Location Sample in XZ and YZ Line Scan Mode
- Added Enhanced IPC Communication
- Added IPC Command to Load an Experiment or a Template
- Added IPC Commands to Move X, Y, Z, and Secondary Z Stages
- Added IPC Commands that Get Sent from ThorImageLS Every Time a File Is Saved During T Series Experiments
Features of ThorImage®LS
Supported Imaging Platforms | ||
---|---|---|
Veneto® Inverted Microscopes |
Bergamo® III Multiphoton Microscopes |
Confocal Imaging Systems |
Laser Scanning | |||
---|---|---|---|
Scan Path Wavelength Range | 450 - 1100 nm, 680 - 1300 nm, or 800 - 1800 nm | ||
Scan Paths | Resonant-Galvo-Galvo Scanner, Galvo-Resonant Scanners, Galvo-Galvo Scanners, or Spatial Light Modulator; Single or Dual Scan Paths |
||
Scan Speed | 8 kHz Resonant-Galvo-Galvo or Galvo-Resonant |
2 fps at 4096 x 4096 Pixels 30 fps at 512 x 512 Pixels 400 fps at 512 x 32 Pixels |
|
12 kHz Resonant-Galvo-Galvo or Galvo-Resonant |
4.4 fps at 2048 x 2048 Pixels 45 fps at 512 x 512 Pixels 600 fps at 512 x 32 Pixels |
||
Galvo-Galvo | 3 fps at 512 x 512 Pixels 48 fps at 512 x 32 Pixels 70 fps at 32 x 32 Pixels Pixel Dwell Time: 0.4 to 20 µs |
||
Galvo-Galvo Scan Modes | Imaging: Line, Polyline, Square, or Rectangle Non-Imaging: Circle, Ellipse, Polygon, or Point |
||
Field of View | FN40 Equivalent to 40 mm Diagonal Square (Max) at the Intermediate Image Plane >2.8 mm x 2.8 mm at the Sample plane with a 10X Objective FN20 Equivalent to 20 mm Diagonal Square (Max) at the Intermediate Image Plane >1.4 mm x 1.4 mm at the Sample plane with a 10X Objective |
||
Scan Zoom | 1X to 16X (Continuously Variable) | ||
Scan Resolution | Up to 2048 x 2048 Pixels (Bi-Directional) [Up to 1168 x 1168 Pixels for 12 kHz Scanners] Up to 4096 x 4096 Pixels (Unidirectional) [Up to 2336 x 2336 Pixels for 12 kHz Scanners] |
||
Compatible Objective Threadings | M34 x 1.0, M32 x 0.75, M25 x 0.75, and RMS |
Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stimulation Area (with a 16X Objective) |
600 µm x 600 µm (X and Y) ±150 µm (Z) |
|||
Resolution | 1024 pixels x 1024 pixels | |||
Maximum Pattern Refresh Rate | 4 ms |
Multiphoton Signal Detection | ||
---|---|---|
Epi Detection | Up to Four Ultrasensitive GaAsP PMTs, Cooled or Non-Cooled | |
Forward-Direction Detection | Two Ultrasensitive GaAsP PMTs | |
Maximum of Four PMTs Controlled by the Software at a Given Time | ||
Collection Optics | 8°, 10°, or 14° Collection Angle (Angles Quoted When Using an Objective with a 20 mm Entrance Pupil) Easy-to-Exchange Emission Filters and Dichroic Mirrors |
Confocal Imaging | ||
---|---|---|
Motorized Pinhole Wheel with 16 Round Pinholes from Ø25 µm to Ø2 mm Two to Four Laser Lines (488 nm Standard; Other Options Range from 405 nm to 660 nm) Standard Multialkali or High-Sensitivity GaAsP PMTs Easy-to-Exchange Emission Filters and Dichroic Mirrors |
Widefield Viewing | ||
---|---|---|
Manual or Motorized Switching Between Scanning and Widefield Modes Illumination Provided via LED or Liquid Light Guide C-Mount Threads for Scientific Cameras |
Transmitted Light Imaging | ||
---|---|---|
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) or Dodt Gradient Contrast Widefield or Laser Scanned Illumination Provided by Visible and/or NIR LEDs Compatible with Air or Oil Immersion Condensers |
Three-Photon Imaging | ||
---|---|---|
Scan Optics for 800 - 1800 nm Range Achieve Reduced Background Scatter for Greater Sensitivity in Deep-Tissue Imaging |
Volume Imaging Using Bessel Beams | ||
---|---|---|
3D Volumetric Functional Imaging at Video Frame Rates Enhanced Temporal Resolution for Studying Internal Systems at Cellular Lateral Resolution In Vivo |
Translation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Microscope Body Rotation (Rotating Bodies Only) |
0° to 90° or -45° to +45° Around Objective Focus 0.1° Encoder Resolution |
|||
Coarse Elevator Base Z (Rotating Bodies Only) |
5" (127 mm) Total Travel; 1 µm Encoder Resolution | |||
Fine Microscope Body X and Y | 2" (50.8 mm) Total Travel; 0.5 µm Encoder Resolution | |||
Fine Microscope Arm Z | 1" (25.4 mm) Total Travel; 0.1 µm Encoder Resolution |
Fine Z Focus | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Piezo Objective Scanner | Open Loop: 600 µm ± 10% Travel Range; 1 nm Resolution Closed Loop: 450 µm Travel Range; 3 nm Resolution |
|||
Vibrationless Remote Focus | 16 Discrete Steps ~400 µm Travel Range with a 10X Objective ~160 µm Travel Range with a 16X Objective |
Thorlabs recognizes that each imaging application has unique requirements.
If you have any feedback, questions, or need a quotation, please use our
multiphoton microscopy contact form or call (703) 651-1700.
To schedule an in-person or virtual demo appointment, please email ImagingSales@thorlabs.com.
Click to Enlarge
China Demo Room
Try Our Microscopes In Person or Virtually
Thorlabs' sales engineers and field service staff are based out of nine offices across four continents. We look forward to helping you determine the best imaging system to meet your specific experimental needs. Our customers are attempting to solve biology's most important problems; these endeavors require matching systems that drive industry standards for ease of use, reliability, and raw capability.
Thorlabs' worldwide network allows us to operate demo rooms in a number of locations where you can see our systems in action. We welcome the opportunity to work with you in person or virtually. A demo can be scheduled at any of our showrooms or virtually by contacting ImagingSales@thorlabs.com.
Customer Support Sites
(Click Each Location for More Details)
Newton, New Jersey, USA
Thorlabs Headquarters
43 Sparta Avenue
Newton, NJ 07860
Customer Support
- Phone: (973) 300-3000
- E-mail: techsupport@thorlabs.com
Ely, United Kingdom
Thorlabs Ltd.
1 Saint Thomas Place, Ely
Ely CB7 4EX
Customer Support
- Phone: +44 (0)1353-654440
- E-mail: techsupport.uk@thorlabs.com
Bergkirchen, Germany
Thorlabs GmbH
Münchner Weg 1
85232 Bergkirchen
Customer Support
- Phone: +49 (0) 8131-5956-0
- E-mail: europe@thorlabs.com
Le Mesnil-le-Roi, France
Thorlabs SAS
14 rue Gambetta
78600 Le Mesnil-le-Roi
Customer Support
- Phone: +33 (0) 970 440 844
- E-mail: techsupport.fr@thorlabs.com
São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Thorlabs Vendas de Fotônicos Ltda.
Rua Rosalino Bellini, 175
Jardim Santa Paula
São Carlos, SP, 13564-050
Customer Support
- Phone: +55-16-3413 7062
- E-mail: brasil@thorlabs.com
Demo Rooms and Customer Support Sites
(Click Each Location for More Details)
Sterling, Virginia, USA
Thorlabs Imaging Systems HQ
108 Powers Court
Sterling, VA 20166
Customer Support
- Phone: (703) 651-1700
- E-mail: ImagingTechSupport@thorlabs.com
Demo Rooms
- Bergamo® Series Multiphoton Microscopes
- Veneto® Inverted Microscopes
- Four-Channel Cerna®-Based Confocal Microscopes
- Cerna Birefringence Imaging Microscopes
- Multiphoton Mesoscope
- OCT Systems: Telesto® and Ganymede™
Lübeck, Germany
Thorlabs GmbH
Maria-Goeppert-Straße 9
23562 Lübeck
Customer Support
- Phone: +49 (0) 8131-5956-40840
- Email: oct@thorlabs.com
Demo Rooms
- Ganymede™ Series SD-OCT Systems
- Telesto® Series SD-OCT Systems
- Telesto® Series PS-OCT Systems
- Atria® Series SS-OCT Systems
- Vega™ Series SS-OCT Systems
Nerima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Thorlabs Japan, Inc.
3-6-3 Kitamachi
Nerima-ku, Tokyo 179-0081
Customer Support
- Phone: +81-3-6915-7701
- Email: sales@thorlabs.jp
Demo Rooms
- Four-Channel Cerna®-Based Confocal Systems
- Cerna® Modular Brightfield Microscopes
- OCT Systems: Ganymede™
Shanghai, China
Thorlabs China
Room A101, No. 100, Lane 2891, South Qilianshan Road
Shanghai 200331
Customer Support
- Phone: +86 (0)21-60561122
- Email: techsupport-cn@thorlabs.com
Demo Rooms
- Bergamo® Series Multiphoton Microscopes
- Cerna Birefringence Imaging Microscopes
- OCT Systems: Telesto® and Ganymede™
Posted Comments: | |
gaiqing Wang
 (posted 2020-05-07 11:13:33.577) I am looking for a cheap way to do confocal imaging in vivo. Is this Bergamo II Series Multiphoton Microscope my best option? Can you send me a quote? YLohia
 (posted 2020-05-07 09:45:11.0) Thank you for contacting Thorlabs. We will reach out to you directly to discuss your requirements. jfpena
 (posted 2016-12-19 18:15:55.003) I am looking for a cheap way to do confocal imaging in vivo. Is this Bergamo II Series Multiphoton Microscope my best option? Can you send me a quote? tfrisch
 (posted 2016-12-22 11:44:31.0) Hello, thank you for contacting Thorlabs. A member of our Imaging Team will reach out to you directly to discuss this system and your application. birech
 (posted 2016-11-17 06:33:49.463) I asked for a price quote for this product, Bergamo II Series Multiphoton Microscopes three days ago. I am working at the University of Nairobi in Kenya and would wish to order one.
Regards,
Birech tfrisch
 (posted 2016-11-17 06:56:23.0) Hello, thank you for contacting Thorlabs. I have forwarded this request to our Imaging Sales Team. I apologize for the delay. |